Zones, Regions, Multi-region
Region:-
Regions are independent geographic areas that consist of zones. They effect pricing, reliability, networking, and performance.
Zonal Resource — VM
Zone:-
A zone is a deployment area for Google Cloud Resources within a region. Zones should be considered a single failure domain within a region. To deploy fault tolerant applications with high availability and help protect against unexpected failures, deploy your application across multiple zones in a region.
Regional Resource — App engine
Multi-region:
US
Europe,
Asia-Pacific.
Multi-regional:- Multi-regional services are designed to be able to function following the loss of a single region.
Multi-regional Resources:- BigQuery, Bigtable, Cloud Storage, Spanner, DataStore, Firestore, Artifact Registry.
Note:
If a single region fails, only customers solely in that region are impacted, Customers who have multi-region products are not impacted.
The fully Qualified name for a zone is made up of <region> <zones>
For eg. — Zone - a in region us-central1 is us-central1-a ( if it is ending with us-central1 then it will be region, if ends with us-central1-a then it is a zone).
When selecting zones yourself, here are something to keep in mind.
1. Communication within and across regions will incur different Cost.
2. Design important systems with redundancy across multiple zones or regions — At same point in time, your instances might experience an unexpected failure. To mitigate the effect of these possible events, you should duplicate important systems in multiple zones and Regions.
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